
480-300 BCE
The earliest describable class of people as lawyers were likely "orators" in ancient Athens, but a true profession could not take hold or flourish then due to a ban on charging fees for such services. The Athenians believed that citizens should actively participate in their own legal affairs and be responsible for their actions. Hiring a representative would undermine this principle.
41-50 AD
The Roman Emperor Claudius lifted the ban on fees and legalized advocacy as a profession—but with a lifetime fee cap of 10,000 sesterces, or about US$5,000 today. This cap was too low to enable a true profession to flourish.